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Race & Class, Vol. 46, No. 1, 3-29 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0306396804045512

Anti-Muslim Racism and the European Security State

Liz Fekete

Institute of Race Relations, IRR’s European Race Audit, liz{at}irr.org.uk

Across Europe, the ‘war on terror’ is having a major impact on race relations policies. New legislation, policing and counter-terrorist measures are casting Muslims, whether settled or immigrant, as the ‘enemy within’. In the process, the parameters of xeno-racism, which targets impoverished asylum seekers, have been extended to Muslim communities. Islam is seen as a threat to Europe, which is responding not only with draconian attacks on civil rights but also with moves to roll back multiculturalism and promote monocultural homogeneity through assimilation. Hence ‘integration’ measures - like France’s banning of the hijab - become an adjunct to anti-terrorist law. This is not just ‘Islamophobia’ but structured anti-Muslim racism.

Key Words: al Qaida • assimilation • civil rights • hijab • integration • Islamophobia • multiculturalism • war on terror • xeno-racism


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